Again, this plan is based on the supreme value-creating process that: Everyone already helps themselves by far the most, overall, by simply helping other people the most they can afford to, physically, mentally, and emotionally, non-stop, 24/7, given their situation. But the vast majority of people do not yet do that nearly fully consciously and effectively. This plan's purpose is to fix that problem.
Simply put, cognitive biases are systematic errors in thinking and logic, oversimplifications to deal with information overload. Not all are negative or destructive. Many are adaptive.
The most concise and comprehensive article I can find about cognitive bias is on Wikipedia: Cognitive bias - Wikipedia
The most common cognitive biases:
Actor-Observer Asymmetry: The tendency to attribute one’s own actions to external causes while attributing others’ behaviors to internal causes.
Affect Heuristic: Making decisions based on emotions rather than objective evidence.
Ambiguity Aversion: Preferring known risks over unknown risks.
Anchoring Bias: Relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered (the “anchor”) when making decisions.
Anthropocentric Thinking: Viewing human beings as the most significant entity of the universe.
Anthropomorphism: Attributing human characteristics to non-human entities.
Attentional Bias: Paying more attention to emotionally dominant stimuli and neglecting other relevant data.
Authority Bias: Valuing the opinions of an authority figure over other evidence.
Automation Bias: Relying on automated systems, sometimes leading to erroneous automated decisions.
Availability Cascade: A self-reinforcing process in which a collective belief gains more plausibility through its increasing repetition in public discourse.
Availability Heuristic: Overestimating the importance of information that is readily available.
Backfire Effect: Strengthening of beliefs when presented with evidence contradicting them.
Bandwagon Effect: The tendency to do or believe things because many other people do or believe the same.
Barnum Effect: Believing that vague, general statements about personality are highly accurate for oneself.
Base Rate Fallacy: Ignoring statistical information in favor of specific information.
Belief Bias: Judging the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion rather than how strongly they support that conclusion.
Ben Franklin Effect: A person who has done someone a favor is more likely to do another favor for them than if they had gotten a favor from that person.
Berkson’s Paradox: The tendency to misinterpret statistical data due to selection bias.
Bias Blind Spot: Recognizing the impact of biases on the judgment of others, while failing to see the impact of biases on one’s own judgment.
Bimodal Bias: The tendency to see things in binary terms.
Bizarreness Effect: Remembering bizarre material better than common material.
Bystander Effect: The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help a victim when other people are present.
Cheerleader Effect: People seem more attractive in a group than in isolation.
Choice-Supportive Bias: Remembering one’s choices as better than they actually were.
Chronological Snobbery: Believing that the thinking, art, or science of an earlier time is inherently inferior to that of the present.
Clustering Illusion: Seeing patterns in random data.
Cognitive Dissonance: The discomfort experienced when holding two or more conflicting cognitions.
Commitment Heuristic: Valuing something more because one has committed to it.
Compassion Fade: The tendency to behave more compassionately towards a single identifiable victim than towards a large group of victims.
Confirmation Bias: The tendency to only search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one’s preconceptions .
Conservatism Bias: Insufficiently revising one’s belief when presented with new evidence.
Context Effect: The influence of environmental factors on one’s perception of a stimulus.
Conjunction Fallacy: Assuming that specific conditions are more probable than a single general one.
Contrast Effect: Enhancing or diminishing a perception of something by comparing it with something else.
Cross-Race Effect: The tendency to more easily recognize faces of the race that one is most familiar with.
Cryptomnesia: Mistaking a memory for an original thought.
Curse of Knowledge: Assuming that others have the same background knowledge as oneself.
Declinism: The belief that a society or institution is tending towards decline.
Decoy Effect: Preferences change when a third option is presented.
Defensive Attribution: Attributing more blame to a harm-doer as the outcome is more severe or as personal or similarity to the victim increases.
Distinction Bias: Viewing two options as more dissimilar when evaluating them simultaneously than when evaluating them separately.
Dunning-Kruger Effect: The tendency for people with low ability in a domain to overestimate their competence.
Duration Neglect: Ignoring the duration of an experience when evaluating it.
Egocentric Bias: Overestimating the degree to which one’s own beliefs, characteristics, and behaviors are shared by others.
Empathy Gap: Underestimating the influence of visceral drives on one’s own behavior.
End-of-History Illusion: Believing that one has experienced big personal growth and change to the present moment, but will not in the future.
Endowment Effect: Valuing something more highly simply because one owns it.
Essentialism: Believing that certain phenomena are natural, inevitable, and biologically determined.
Expectancy Effect: The researcher’s cognitive bias causes them to unconsciously influence the participants of an experiment.
Extrinsic Incentive Bias: Attributing others’ behavior to extrinsic motivation more than to intrinsic motivation.
Fading Affect Bias: The tendency for negative emotions to fade more quickly than positive emotions.
False Consensus Effect: Overestimating how much others agree with one’s own beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes.
Feature-Positive Effect: The tendency to give more attention to positive information than to negative information.
Forer Effect: Believing that vague, general statements about personality are highly accurate for oneself.
Framing Effect: Drawing different conclusions from the same information, depending on how it is presented.
Frequency Illusion: After noticing something for the first time, the tendency to notice it more often, making it seem that it has an increased in frequency.
Functional Fixedness: Limiting the use of an object to its traditional function.
Fundamental Attribution Error: Overemphasizing personal characteristics and ignoring situational factors in judging others’ behavior.
Galatea Effect: The phenomenon where high self-expectations lead to high performance.
Gambler’s Fallacy: Believing that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality they are unchanged.
Google Effect: The tendency to forget information that can be easily found online.
Group Attribution Error: Believing that the characteristics of an individual group member are reflective of the group as a whole.
Groupthink: Prioritizing consensus over critical thinking in group decision-making.
Halo Effect: The tendency to let an overall impression of a person influence specific judgments about them.
Hard-Easy Effect: Overestimating the probability of success in hard tasks and underestimating it in easy tasks.
Hawthorne Effect: Altering behavior due to the awareness of being observed.
Herd Behavior: Following the actions of a larger group, whether rational or irrational.
Hindsight Bias: Seeing events as having been predictable after they have already occurred.
Hostile Attribution Bias: Interpreting others’ behaviors as having hostile intent.
Hot-Hand Fallacy: Thinking a person who has experienced success with a random event has a greater chance of further success in additional attempts.
Hyperbolic Discounting: Preferring smaller, immediate rewards over larger, later rewards.
Hypothesis: The belief that the world is fair and people get what they deserve.
Identifiable Victim Effect: Tendency to offer more aid when a specific, person is observed under hardship, than a vague group with the same need.
IKEA Effect: Placing disproportionately high value on products one partially created.
Illusion of Asymmetric Insight: Believing that one’s knowledge of others is greater than others’ knowledge of oneself.
Illusion of Control: Overestimating one’s ability to control events.
Illusion of Explanatory Depth: Believing that one understands a complex topic more deeply than one actually does.
Illusion of Transparency: Overestimating others’ ability to know one’s internal thoughts and feelings.
Illusory Correlation: Perceiving a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists.
Implicit Stereotyping: Holding unconscious associations about a social group.
Impostor Syndrome: Doubting one’s accomplishments and fearing being exposed as a “fraud.”
Information Bias: Seeking information even when it cannot affect action.
Impact Bias: Overestimating the length or intensity of the impact of future feeling states.
Ingroup Bias: Favoring members of one’s own group over those in other groups.
Inattentional Blindness: Failing to notice an unexpected stimulus in plain sight.
Irrational Escalation: Justifying increased investment in a decision based on the cumulative prior investment, despite new contrary evidence.
Just-World Loss Aversion: Preferring to avoid losses rather than acquiring equivalent gains.
Law of the Instrument: Over-relying on a familiar tool or method, ignoring or undervaluing alternative approaches.
Less-Is-Better Effect: Preferring a smaller set of options over a larger set, even when the larger set is objectively better.
Licensing Effect: The tendency to allow oneself to indulge after doing something positive.
Linguistic Relativity: The structure of a language affects its speakers’ world view or cognition.
Look-Elsewhere Effect: A phenomenon in the statistical analysis of scientific experiments where an apparently statistically significant observation may have actually arisen by chance because of the sheer size of the parameter space to be searched.
Mere Exposure Effect: Developing a preference for things merely because they are familiar.
Misinformation Effect: The distortion of memory by post-event information .
Moral Credential Effect: The tendency to behave immorally after establishing oneself as moral.
Moral Luck: Attributing moral blame or praise to individuals based on the outcomes of their actions, rather than their intentions.
Naïve Cynicism: Expecting others to act purely out of self-interest.
Naïve Realism: Believing that we see the world objectively and that people who disagree with us must be uninformed, irrational, or biased.
Negativity Bias: Giving more weight to negative experiences than positive ones.
Neglect of Probability: Ignoring the probability of an event when making a decision.
Normalcy Bias: Underestimating the possibility and effects of a disaster.
Not Invented Here: Avoiding products, research, standards, or knowledge developed outside a group.
Observer Effect: Omission Bias: Judging harmful actions as worse, or less moral, than equally harmful omissions (inactions).
Optimism Bias: The tendency to be overly optimistic about the outcome of planned actions.
Ostrich Effect: Ignoring an obvious (negative) situation.
Outcome Bias: Judging a decision based on its when an external incentive is introduced.
Outgroup Homogeneity Bias: Perceiving members of an outgroup as more similar to each other than members of one’s ingroup.
Overconfidence Effect: Excessive confidence in one’s own answers to questions.
Overjustification Effect: Decreasing intrinsic motivation to perform an activity Seeing patterns, such as faces, in random stimuli.
Paradox of Choice: Having too many options can lead to decision paralysis and dissatisfaction.
Pareidolia: outcome rather than the quality of the decision at the time it was made.
Parkinson’s Law of Triviality: Giving disproportionate weight to trivial issues.
Peak-End Rule: Judging an experience largely based on how they felt at its peak and at its end.
Peltzman Effect: Increasing risky behavior in response to perceived safety measures.
Perseverance Effect: The persistence of one’s beliefs even after they have been discredited.
Pessimism Bias: The tendency to overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes.
Placebo Effect: Experiencing a benefit after the administration of an inactive substance or treatment. decision made previously.
Planning Fallacy: Underestimating the time, costs, and risks of future actions and overestimating the benefits.
Post-Purchase Rationalization: Justifying a purchase after the fact to avoid buyer’s remorse.
Primacy Effect: Remembering the first items in a list better than the middle items.
Pro-Innovation Bias: Overvaluing the usefulness and undervaluing the limitations of an innovation.
Projection Bias: Overestimating how much our future selves will share our current preferences.
Pseudocertainty Effect: Tendency to make risk-averse choices if expected outcome is positive, but but risk-seeking choices to avoid negative outcomes.
Reactance: Doing the opposite of what someone wants you to do in order to assert freedom of choice.
Recency Effect: Remembering the most recently presented items or experiences best.
Recency Illusion: Believing that a word or language usage is of recent origin when it is long-established.
Reciprocity Norm: The expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits.
Regret Aversion: Avoiding decision-making due to fear of regret.
Representativeness Heuristic: Judging the probability of an event by how much it resembles what we consider to be a typical example.
Restraint Bias: Overestimating one’s ability to show restraint in the face of temptation.
Rhyme-as-Reason Effect: Judging rhyming statements as more truthful.
Risk Compensation: Taking greater risks when perceived safety increases.
Rosy Retrospection: Remembering past events as being more positive than they actually were.
Scarcity Heuristic: Placing a higher value on an object that is scarce and a lower value on one that is abundant.
Selective Perception: Allowing expectations to influence perceptions.
Self-Enhancement Bias: Overestimating one’s positive qualities and underestimating one’s negative qualities.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: A belief that leads to its own fulfillment.
Self-Handicapping: Creating obstacles to one’s own performance to have an excuse for potential failure.
Self-Serving Bias: The habit of attributing positive events to one’s own character but attributing negative events to external factors .
Semmelweis Reflex: Rejecting new evidence because it contradicts established norms.
Shared Information Bias: Focusing on information that all group members share while ignoring unshared information.
Social Comparison Bias: Having a preference for people who are similar to oneself.
Social Desirability Bias: Answering questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
Social Loafing: Exerting less effort to achieve a goal when working in a group than when working alone.
Spotlight Effect: Overestimating how much others notice and remember about one’s appearance and behavior.
Status Quo Bias: Preferring things to stay the same by doing nothing or by sticking with a decision made previously.
Stereotyping: Expecting a member of a group to have certain characteristics without having actual information about that individual.
Streisand Effect: Attempting to hide or censor information only to have it become more publicized.
Subadditivity Effect: Judging the probability of the whole to be less than the probabilities of the parts.
Sunk Cost Fallacy: Continuing an endeavor once an investment in money, effort, or time has been made.
Survivorship Bias: Focusing on successful entities and ignoring those that failed.
System Justification: Defending and justifying the status quo, even at the expense of individual or collective self-interest.
Telescoping Effect: Perceiving recent events as being more remote and distant events as being more recent.
Third-Person Effect: Believing others are more affected by media messages than oneself.
Time-Saving Bias: Underestimating the time saved by increasing speed.
Triviality Law: Giving disproportionate weight to trivial issues.
Unit Bias: Assuming that the unit of sale or portioning is an appropriate amount to consume.
Von Restorff Effect: Remembering an item that stands out more than other items.
Well-Traveled Road Effect: underestimating the duration of familiar routes and overestimating the duration of unfamiliar routes.
Zero-Risk Bias: Preferring the complete elimination of a risk even when alternative options produce a greater reduction in risk overall.
The Plan, above, in the menu, is based on this observation: Everyone helps themselves by far the most, overall, by simply helping other people the most they feel they can afford to, physically, mentally, and emotionally. - At the very least by simply not bothering the vast majority of everyone in the world. And everyone does that in some way, non-stop, 24/7. But humanity has so far mostly wasted that world's-by-far-most value-creating-process by NOT promoting it above all else, mostly due to cognitive bias. This plan is designed to fix that problem in the fastest, easiest, free way possible. - Tim Mossman Copyright © 2024 Helpaboveall.org